How do brainless creatures control their appetites

Separate systems register when the animals have eaten and control feeding behaviors.

Image of a greenish creature with a long stalk and tentacles, against a black background.

Enlarge (credit: CHOKSAWATDIKORN / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY)

The hydra is a Lovecraftian-looking microorganism with a mouth surrounded by tentacles on one end, an elongated body, and a foot on the other end. It has no brain or centralized nervous system. Despite the lack of either of those things, it can still feel hunger and fullness. How can these creatures know when they are hungry and realize when they have had enough?

While they lack brains, hydra do have a nervous system. Researchers from Kiel University in Germany found they have an endodermal (in the digestive tract) and ectodermal (in the outermost layer of the animal) neuronal population, both of which help them react to food stimuli. Ectodermal neurons control physiological functions such as moving toward food, while endodermal neurons are associated with feeding behavior such as opening the mouth—which also vomits out anything indigestible.

Even such a limited nervous system is capable of some surprisingly complex functions. Hydras might even give us some insights into how appetite evolved and what the early evolutionary stages of a central nervous system were like.

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Sicherheitsforscher: Fortinet serviert VPN-Passwörter “auf dem Silbertablett”

Auf Fortinet-Gateways lassen sich verschlüsselte Konfigurationsbackups erstellen. Enthalten sind auch Passwörter für VPN-Zugänge. Gut geschützt sind die allerdings nicht. (Sicherheitslücke, Verschlüsselung)

Auf Fortinet-Gateways lassen sich verschlüsselte Konfigurationsbackups erstellen. Enthalten sind auch Passwörter für VPN-Zugänge. Gut geschützt sind die allerdings nicht. (Sicherheitslücke, Verschlüsselung)

(g+) Assassin’s Creed Shadows: “Wir zeigen Japan aus zwei verschiedenen Perspektiven”

Die Hauptfiguren Naoe und Yasuke, Grafik sowie Jahreszeiten: Golem.de hat mit Producer Karl Onnée über Assassin’s Creed Shadows gesprochen. Ein Interview von Peter Steinlechner (Assassin’s Creed Shadows, Interview)

Die Hauptfiguren Naoe und Yasuke, Grafik sowie Jahreszeiten: Golem.de hat mit Producer Karl Onnée über Assassin's Creed Shadows gesprochen. Ein Interview von Peter Steinlechner (Assassin's Creed Shadows, Interview)

Broadcom-Übernahme von VMware: Die Stimmung ist besser als der Ruf

Nach der Übernahme durch Broadcom kommt VMWare nicht aus den Negativschlagzeilen. Bei aller Kritik ist die Stimmung unter den Anwendern jedoch besser als gedacht. Ein Bericht von Thomas Hafen (VMware, Virtualisierung)

Nach der Übernahme durch Broadcom kommt VMWare nicht aus den Negativschlagzeilen. Bei aller Kritik ist die Stimmung unter den Anwendern jedoch besser als gedacht. Ein Bericht von Thomas Hafen (VMware, Virtualisierung)

Anzeige: Zum LDAP-Experten in drei Tagen

Für die Authentifizierung, Autorisierung und Verwaltung von Adressen und Benutzern gilt LDAP als Industriestandard. Wie das wichtige Protokoll funktioniert, vermittelt dieser umfassende und praxisnahe Intensivkurs. (Golem Karrierewelt, Server-Applikati…

Für die Authentifizierung, Autorisierung und Verwaltung von Adressen und Benutzern gilt LDAP als Industriestandard. Wie das wichtige Protokoll funktioniert, vermittelt dieser umfassende und praxisnahe Intensivkurs. (Golem Karrierewelt, Server-Applikationen)

Blue Origin joins SpaceX and ULA in new round of military launch contracts

“Lane 1 serves our commercial-like missions that can accept more risk.”

Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket on the launch pad for testing earlier this year.

Enlarge / Blue Origin's New Glenn rocket on the launch pad for testing earlier this year. (credit: Blue Origin)

After years of lobbying, protests and bidding, Jeff Bezos's space company is now a military launch contractor.

The US Space Force announced Thursday that Blue Origin will compete with United Launch Alliance and SpaceX for at least 30 military launch contracts over the next five years. These launch contracts have a combined value of up to $5.6 billion.

This is the first of two major contract decisions the Space Force will make this year as the military seeks to foster more competition among its roster of launch providers, and reduce its reliance on just one or two companies.

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Denuvo Owner Shuts Down Clone Sites, Perpertrators Seem Up For a Chase

The company behind notorious anti-tamper technology Denuvo, filed an interesting DMCA takedown notice at GitHub this week. According to Irdeto, unnamed parties cloned the company’s website, registered a similar domain, and ran their own mail server behind the scenes. A short investigation by TF suggests that the culprits may have known Irdeto would attempt to track them down and may have left Easter eggs along the way.

From: TF, for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.

denuvo-newMirror and clone sites were once deployed to keep popular sites alive as they imploded under the weight of their own popularity and ensuing traffic.

The strategy was famously deployed around Suprnova, one of the original torrent giants. Given how often the whole site went down, unable to cope with unprecedented success, in hindsight it was given an unintentionally appropriate name.

Today, some clone and mirror sites still exist for the same purpose but most fall off the end of a streaming site conveyor belt, to trade on the popularity of sites with known brands, generate confusion with similar domains, or both.

As a leading cybersecurity and anti-piracy vendor, Irdeto will be only too aware of the mirror and clone site phenomenon. Whether it expected its own website to be cloned and placed online is up for debate. As the owner of Denuvo, perhaps the most hated anti-piracy tech currently on the market, it probably didn’t come as a surprise.

DMCA Takedown Notice to GitHub

Irdeto’s DMCA notice was sent to GitHub on its own behalf, which probably doesn’t happen very often.

“We are writing to you from Irdeto B.V. (‘Irdeto’). We own the exclusive copyright to Irdeto.com and its related assets,” the notice begins.

Responding to GitHub’s request to identify the original copyrighted work that had allegedly been infringed, Irdeto pointed towards its own website.

“Irdeto.com and it’s related assets (such as text, website design, and images) is our copyrighted corporate website. The reported repositories have duplicated the Irdeto website code and assets. As this repository contains a direct copy of Irdeto.com, confirm that we own the copyright for all the contents within the repository.”

Cloned Sites Operating Under Two Domains

Irdeto goes on to claim that the owner of the infringing repos, described simply as “this individual” had attempted to impersonate Irdeto. One of the domains used in connection with the cloned website was Irdeto.fr but whether there was a broader plan isn’t revealed in the notice. That being said, the existence of a mail server quite rightly generated additional concern.

impersonator

After identifying the repos to be removed, Irdeto requested a rapid takedown and action against the alleged culprit.

“We respectfully request that Github removes the infringing content expeditiously and suspends the user. If anything is preventing you from removing the reported content, please let us know what additional information is required,” the company wrote.

git-ird-clone-dmca

The first request was obviously granted by GitHub but whether it took any action against the user is unknown.

Unexpected

Suspended from GitHub or not, taking on a company like Irdeto has the potential to end quite badly. At the very least, there are much less risky targets, so who would choose to take on a corporation expecting to beat it at its own game?

Unable to resist a short look around, we began with basic questions; who owns Irdeto.fr, what other domains do they own, and why are WHOIS records nearly always frustrating?

Yet amazingly, not at all frustrating today. With no blanket of redactions, no wall-to-wall privacy service, Irdeto.fr seems like an image of openness.

Registered on January, 28, 2024, Irdeto.fr offers something most domains do not, personal information – or at least that’s what the information suggests it might be. Unwilling to fall into any mischief traps, or possible registration proxies, details redacted below.

whois-irdeto-fr

With limited time, the next easy step was to find other domains registered by the same person. Using the email address listed for Irdeto.fr we ran a check and got another suspiciously easy hit.

The same email address is not only listed against another domain, but a .US domain, which are not usually redacted. This was no exception.

stop-trying-to-reverse-us

At this point completely out of time, we took that as a direct order. Almost certainly, Irdeto will not, despite 121K domains left to trawl.

Irdeto’s DMCA notice is available here

From: TF, for the latest news on copyright battles, piracy and more.