Month: March 2024

Enlarge / A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launches from Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida on March 3, 2024. (credit: Getty Images | Anadolu )

SpaceX is "building a network of hundreds of spy satellites" for a US intelligence agency under a $1.8 billion contract signed in 2021, Reuters reported on Saturday. Reuters cited "five sources familiar with the program" in its report on SpaceX's classified contract with the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), a Defense Department agency that deploys surveillance satellites and calls itself the "global leader in space-based intelligence."

"The satellites can track targets on the ground and share that data with US intelligence and military officials, the sources said," according to Reuters. The newly reported details are consistent with a Wall Street Journal report in February 2024 that said SpaceX had "entered into a $1.8 billion classified contract with the US government in 2021."

Reuters wrote that it "was unable to determine when the new network of satellites would come online" but stated that about a dozen prototype satellites have been launched in the past few years. The prototypes reportedly launched "among other satellites on SpaceX's Falcon 9 rockets."

Enlarge / Brewing kombucha tea. Note the trademark gel-like layer of SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast). (credit: Olga Pankova/Getty Images)

Kombucha tea continues to grow in popularity as a healthy alternative to alcoholic beverages—and chemistry can help commercial and amateur brewers alike get faster and better results with their brews, according to a presentation yesterday at a meeting of the American Chemical Society in New Orleans.

“Brewers typically see making kombucha as an art more than a science,” Jeb Kegerreis, a physical chemist at Shippensburg University, said of the research. “So when we are doing a consultation, we also walk the brewer through the biochemistry of what’s happening during fermentation.”

As we've previously reported, you need just three basic ingredients to make kombucha. Just combine tea and sugar with a kombucha culture known as a SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast), aka the "mother," also known as a tea mushroom, tea fungus, or a Manchurian mushroom. It's basically akin to a sourdough starter. A SCOBY is a firm, gel-like collection of cellulose fiber (biofilm), courtesy of the active bacteria in the culture creating the perfect breeding ground for the yeast and bacteria to flourish. Dissolve the sugar in non-chlorinated boiling water, then steep some tea leaves of your choice in the hot sugar water before discarding them.

Enlarge / Permanently shadowed craters at the lunar poles are an area of interest for the resources they might harbor. (credit: LROC / ASU / NASA)

For the first time ever, the United States is getting serious about fostering an economy on the Moon.

NASA, of course, is in the midst of developing the Artemis program to return humans to the Moon. As part of this initiative, NASA seeks to foster a lunar economy in which the space agency is not the sole customer.

That's easier said than done. A whole host of conditions must be met for a lunar economy to thrive. There must be something there that can be sold, be it resources, a unique environment for scientific research, low-gravity manufacturing, tourism, or another source of value. Reliable transportation to the Moon must be available. And there needs to be a host of services, such as power and communications for machines and people on the lunar surface. So yeah, it's a lot.