Month: November 2022

Enlarge / About half of the world's rare earth element supply comes from this single mine. (credit: NASA)

A variety of modern technologies, including permanent magnets that have been used in everything from earbuds to wind turbines, rely on rare earth elements. While the metals aren't actually especially rare, they don't occur at high concentrations in the Earth's crust. As such, extracting them is expensive and tends to produce a lot of environmental damage, meaning that most of the supply comes from a small number of countries (see the chart here), leaving the supply at risk of political fights.

So the potential to get much more out of existing rare earth mines is obviously very appealing. And the method described in a paper released on Monday seems to offer it all: more metal per ore, much lower cost, and far less worry about mining waste.

Less leaching

Many of the best rare earth deposits occur in places where nature has concentrated the elements for us. These tend to be sediments formed from materials where the rare earth elements will react or interact with the sediment, coming out of solution and gradually building up the concentration in the ore. The usual method of extracting the elements from these ores essentially involves reversing that process. An ion-rich solution is pumped through the ore, and these ions displace the rare earths, allowing them to leach out of the ore. Typically, the solution used is ammonium sulfate.

Enlarge (credit: Aurich Lawson)

Elon Musk plans to eliminate half the jobs at Twitter and require remote employees to report to an office, Bloomberg reported.

"Elon Musk plans to eliminate about 3,700 jobs at Twitter, or half of the social media company's workforce," and "intends to reverse the company's existing work-from-anywhere policy, asking remaining employees to report to offices—though some exceptions could be made," the report said. Bloomberg cited people with knowledge of the matter. Musk reportedly aims to inform affected staffers of the layoffs on Friday.

After an earlier report that Musk told investors he plans to cut 75 percent of Twitter's workforce, Musk reportedly told staff that he wouldn't eliminate 75 percent of the jobs. But it was still clear there would be a significant amount of layoffs.

Enlarge (credit: imaginima/Getty Images)

The Asia-Africa-Europe-1 Internet cable travels 15,500 miles along the seafloor, connecting Hong Kong to Marseille, France. As it snakes through the South China Sea and toward Europe, the cable helps provide Internet connections to more than a dozen countries, from India to Greece. When the cable was cut on June 7, millions of people were plunged offline and faced temporary Internet blackouts.

The cable, also known as AAE-1, was severed where it briefly passes across land through Egypt. One other cable was also damaged in the incident, with the cause of the damage unknown. However, the impact was immediate. “It affected about seven countries and a number of over-the-top services,” says Rosalind Thomas, the managing director of SAEx International Management, which plans to create a new undersea cable connecting Africa, Asia, and the US. “The worst was Ethiopia, that lost 90 percent of its connectivity, and Somalia thereafter also 85 percent.” Cloud services belonging to Google, Amazon, and Microsoft were all also disrupted, subsequent analysis revealed.