Striking study finds a climate tipping point in clouds

We aren’t likely to see it happen, but it’s still sobering.

Stratocumulus clouds, like those in the lower two-thirds of this image, are common over the oceans.

Enlarge / Stratocumulus clouds, like those in the lower two-thirds of this image, are common over the oceans. (credit: NASA Earth Observatory)

The word "hysteresis" doesn't immediately seem threatening; it hints at a portmanteau of "history" and "thesis"—a dense read, perhaps, but those never killed anyone. But that's not what the word means. Hysteresis is a profound behavior some systems can display, crossing a sort of point-of-no-return. Dial things up just one notch, and you can push the system through a radical change. To get back to normal, you might have to dial it down five or six notches.

Earth's climate system can provide examples. Take the conveyor-belt-like circulation of water in the Atlantic Ocean. Looking back at the past, you can see times that the circulation seems to have flipped into an alternate pattern regarding climatic consequences around the North Atlantic. Switching from one pattern to the other takes a significant nudge, but reversing it is hard—like driving up to the top of a ridge and rolling down into the next valley.

A new study led by Caltech's Tapio Schneider may have identified a disturbing hysteresis in Earth's climate—a shift in cloud patterns in response to warming that could quickly heat the planet much further. If we were to continue emitting more and more greenhouse gas, we'd eventually end up running this experiment for real. (Let's not, please.)

Read 17 remaining paragraphs | Comments

Citing parental freedom, Arizona lawmakers move ahead with anti-vaccine bills

Proponent of anti-vaccine bills falsely claims there’s “research on both sides.”

 A single dose of MMR (for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) at Kaiser Permanente East Medical offices in Denver.

Enlarge / A single dose of MMR (for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) at Kaiser Permanente East Medical offices in Denver. (credit: Getty | Joe Amon)

Lawmakers in Arizona are moving forward with three bills that will make it easier for parents to opt out of getting life-saving vaccinations for their children—and may even encourage them to do so, according to a report in The Arizona Republic.

The brazen legislative move comes as the country grapples with six outbreaks of measles, an extremely contagious, vaccine-preventable disease that can be disabling and even fatal to young children. One of those outbreaks is occurring in Washington state's Clark County, where rampant anti-vaccine views and similarly lax vaccination laws fueled the spread of disease. Since the start of the year, officials have tallied 65 cases, mostly in children under the age of 10 (47 of the 65 cases) and nearly all unvaccinated (57 cases of the 65 cases, with six others cases unverified, and two cases with only one out of the recommended two vaccine doses).

Hoping to prevent future outbreaks, Washington state lawmakers are now advancing legislation that would eliminate vaccination exemptions on personal and philosophical grounds. But Arizona lawmakers seem to have taken no heed of the efforts of their Washington counterparts, even as public health experts condemned Arizona's proposed legislation.

Read 6 remaining paragraphs | Comments

These scientists studied Louisiana roadkill to learn more about dinosaurs

Braving maggots, “corpse cheese,” and rotting carcasses, all in the name of science.

An alligator whose tissues were analyzed for this study. The sample was provided to the researchers by the Landry family. Several family members regularly appear in the History Channel's unscripted series <em>Swamp People</em>.

Enlarge / An alligator whose tissues were analyzed for this study. The sample was provided to the researchers by the Landry family. Several family members regularly appear in the History Channel's unscripted series Swamp People. (credit: Tom Cullen)

Tom Cullen vividly recalls a day in the Louisiana bayou when he and fellow team members from Chicago's Field Museum stopped to collect a dead squirrel by the side of the road. They found a treasure trove of fish scales and bones—plus a fox's jawbone—decomposing just 100 feet away, most likely dropped by a feasting bird of prey. It was like roadkill manna from heaven for Cullen, who was there collecting specimens for a project to explore the ecosystems dinosaurs lived in millions of years ago.

"We were interested in trying to understand dinosaur ecology and how dinosaurs interact with their habitats and with other organisms they co-exist with," said Cullen. The Mesozoic ecosystem was essentially "a large coastal floodplain forest," so he reasoned that it might be a good idea to study a similar modern-day ecosystem: Louisiana's swamps and bayous. The results from that project have now been published in the Royal Society Open Science journal.

Scientists typically rely on stable isotope analysis with mass spectrometry to determine food web structure in ecosystems: that is, what different animals eat and where they fit in the overall food chain. Stable isotopes (versions of elements that have different numbers of neutrons and are hence lighter or heavier) are preserved in animals' bones and teeth, lasting tens of millions of years.

Read 13 remaining paragraphs | Comments

Nokia’s new smartphones bring a surprisingly modern design for under $170

HMD/Nokia’s 2019 smartphone lineup begins to take shape.

HMD is unveiling a truckload of smartphones at Mobile World Congress this year. We've already talked about the flagship Nokia 9 Pureview, and now it's time to cover some of the lower-end models, which is where the Nokia brand has made a serious resurgence in the past few years. Today, HMD is announcing the Nokia 4.2, Nokia 3.2, and the Nokia 1 Plus, and we have prepared a big spec sheet to celebrate.

(Note that while all of these prices are in dollars, we don't yet know which phones, if any, are coming to the US.)

Nokia 4.2 Nokia 3.2 Nokia 1 Plus
STARTING PRICE $169 $139 $99
OS Android 9 Pie Android 9 Pie Android 9 Pie (Go edition)
SCREEN 5.71-inch 1520×720 LCD (270 PPI) 6.26-inch 1520×720 LCD (268 PPI) 5.45-inch 854x480 LCD (180 PPI)
CPU Snapdragon 439: Eight 2.0GHz Cortex-A53 CPU Cores, 12nm Snapdragon 429: Four 2.0GHz Cortex-A53 CPU Cores, 12nm MediaTek MT6739WW: Four 1.5GHz Cortex-A53 CPU Cores, 28nm
RAM 2GB or 3GB 2GB or 3GB 1GB
STORAGE 16GB or 32GB, MicroSD Slot 16GB or 32GB, MicroSD Slot 8GB, MicroSD Slot
CAMERA Rear: Dual 13MP (f2.2, 1.12µm) + 2MP depth sensor

Front: 8MP (f2.0, 1.12µm)

Rear: 13MP

Front: 5MP

Rear: 8MP

Front: 5MP

BATTERY 3000mAh 4000mAh 2500mAh
BACK MATERIAL Glass Plastic Plastic
OTHER MicroUSB, Fingerprint sensor, headphone jack, NFC, Google Assistant button MicroUSB, Fingerprint sensor (3GB RAM version only), Google Assistant button MicroUSB, headphone jack

With $169 being the highest price, these are all very cheap smartphones. What jumps out from the spec sheet is how they all have old-school micro USB ports. This is a bit disappointing considering HMD also sells the Nokia 3.1 Plus for $160, which actually has a USB-C port in the United States.

Read 6 remaining paragraphs | Comments

Verizon says phone-sale fraud is up, wants to lock new phones to fight it

Verizon needs OK from FCC for 60-day locks because of 700MHz open-access rules.

A combination lock sitting on top of a smartphone.

Enlarge (credit: Getty Images | Peter Dazeley)

Verizon—the only major US mobile carrier that routinely sells unlocked 4G LTE phones to consumers—last week asked for government permission to lock its phones for 60 days after purchase.

An unlocked phone can be used by a consumer on any carrier's network (as long as the phone and network are compatible), while a locked phone can only be used with the carrier that applied the lock. Verizon's phones are unlocked because of open-access rules the Federal Communications Commission applied to 700MHz spectrum that Verizon bought at auction in 2008.

That could change if the FCC grants Verizon's request to let the carrier lock phones for 60 days in order to deter fraud when people buy phones on payment plans that require little or no down payment.

Read 20 remaining paragraphs | Comments

HTC 5G Hub is a mobile hotspot, battery, and Android entertainment device

HTC didn’t bring any new smartphones to Mobile World Congress this year. But the company is jumping on the 5G bandwagon with a new multi-function device that… does a lot of things, honestly. At it’s most basic level, the HTC 5G Hub is…

HTC didn’t bring any new smartphones to Mobile World Congress this year. But the company is jumping on the 5G bandwagon with a new multi-function device that… does a lot of things, honestly. At it’s most basic level, the HTC 5G Hub is a hotspot/router/hub that you can use to connect up to 20 users […]

The post HTC 5G Hub is a mobile hotspot, battery, and Android entertainment device appeared first on Liliputing.

Nubia Alpha is a wearable phone with a flexible display (or a fancy smartwatch)

Most of the smartphones with flexible displays that have debuted so far take advantage of the new technology to transform from a phone into a tablet. The Nubia Alpha… doesn’t. Instead it’s basically a smartwatch with a display that wr…

Most of the smartphones with flexible displays that have debuted so far take advantage of the new technology to transform from a phone into a tablet. The Nubia Alpha… doesn’t. Instead it’s basically a smartwatch with a display that wraps around your wrist. But since it can make phone calls, snap photos, and shoot video, […]

The post Nubia Alpha is a wearable phone with a flexible display (or a fancy smartwatch) appeared first on Liliputing.

Teksavvy Wins Appeal in Defense of Accused ‘Pirating’ Subscribers

Canadian ISP TekSavvy doesn’t have to expose personal details of its customers to ME2 Productions, the company behind the movie Mechanic: Resurrection. The Federal Court found that the evidence which the order was based on is insufficient, highlighting several mistakes. Other ISPs, including Bell and Rogers, didn’t appeal the subpoena.

Source: TF, for the latest info on copyright, file-sharing, torrent sites and more. We also have VPN reviews, discounts, offers and coupons.

Over the past several years, hundreds of thousands of piracy warnings have been sent out to Canadian pirates under the ‘notice-and-notice’ scheme.

While these notices can no longer include settlement demands, following a recent update in legislation, accused pirates can still get in trouble. Several movie companies have filed for Norwich orders, asking the court to subpoena ISPs to hand over customer information, so they can contact these people directly.

These cases lead to the so-called ‘copyright trolling’ practices we’re seeing elsewhere in the world. They are filed by rightsholders of films such as The Hitman’s Bodyguard, Criminal, London Has Fallen, and Dallas Buyers Club. And with hundreds of IP-addresses being targeted per case, their scope is quite broad.

Most ISPs don’t challenge these subpoena requests but in a recent case Internet provider Teksavvy decided to take a stand. When ME2 Productions, the company behind the film Mechanic: Resurrection, requested the personal details of several customers, the ISP decided to appeal.

Among other things, TekSavvy argued that the evidence provided by the copyright holder is not sufficient enough to warrant handing over customer information.

Last week the Federal Court of Canada sided with the Internet provider.  Judge William Pentney concluded that the evidence put forward by the movie company was not sufficient. This is problematic, as it could result in the wrong persons being targeted, he concluded.

“This case illustrates why it is so important for the Court to have the best available evidence,” Judge Pentney writes.

For example, unlike the movie company claimed, it appeared that several of the targeted subscribers never received an initial notice of copyright infringement, which is a requirement in these cases.

“One can easily imagine the reaction of such individuals when this is the first notice they would have received of the matter. This is precisely what Parliament was seeking to avoid when it adopted the notice and notice regime in the Act,” the order reads.

Perhaps even worse, one of the IP-addresses that was listed didn’t even belong to TekSavvy. These and other issues make it clear that subpoenas should only be issued when there’s sufficient evidence.

James Plotkin of law firm CazaSaikaley, who has defended accused file-sharers in the past, notes that this is an important ruling.

“The Federal Court sent a strong message that copyright plaintiffs must put forward ‘the best available evidence’ in order to obtain a Norwich order, or otherwise explain why that evidence is unavailable,” Plotkin says.

Among the issues highlighted in the order is the declaration of Daniel Arheidt, who works for the German BitTorrent tracking outfit Maverickeye. His evidence is at the basis of the clerk’s affidavit, but it’s not a sworn statement, and nor is Mr. Arheidt available for cross-examination.

The court also highlighted the privacy aspect of this case. Specifically, the order states that ISPs have a legal obligation to protect the privacy of their customers. While most ISPs chose not to appeal the order, TekSavvy certainly has an interest in doing so.

“TekSavvy is in possession of the personal information of its customers. It has a legal obligation to protect such information and an obvious commercial interest in doing so,” Judge Pentney noted.

This important angle was also raised by Plotkin, who noted that because the accused file-sharers are no party at this stage, their ISPs are the only ones who can protect them.

“The subscribers are not parties to the motion, so they have no say in whether the Norwich order that would force disclosure of their information should issue. The ISPs are the only ones able to look after their subscribers’ interests,” Plotkin says.

In the present case, the court found that several mistakes were made. If TekSavvy didn’t stand up for its customers, the privacy of these people would have been at stake.

“Mistakes like this can result in violations of privacy on the basis of erroneous information furnished to the court by the plaintiff. This might be accidental and not malicious,” Plotkin says.

“But regardless of intent, the court should not countenance corner-cutting by plaintiffs when the privacy interests of subscribers, who are without a voice in the proceeding, are at stake.”

TekSavvy did not immediately reply to our request for comment. In a statement to The Wire Report, the ISP’s vice-president of regulatory affairs, Andy Kaplan-Myrth, said that they are pleased with the decision which confirms that copyright enforcement requires a balance of disclosure and privacy interests.

The Federal Court order is by no means the end of these type of cases. Movie companies and other copyright holders can still request Norwich orders going forward. However, they will have to make sure that they base their requests on the best available evidence.

Source: TF, for the latest info on copyright, file-sharing, torrent sites and more. We also have VPN reviews, discounts, offers and coupons.

Trump climate advisory panel structured to avoid public records

Scientists with fringe views being recruited to disavow Trump admin’s own report.

A global snapshot of the Vegetation Sensitivity Index (VSI) from 2016. The VSI measures environmental sensitivity to a changing climate, using satellite data gathered between 2000-2013 at 5km resolution. Areas in green are covered in vegetation that is the least sensitive to changes. Areas in red show the highest sensitivity. Grey areas are barren land or ice covered. Water is blue.

Enlarge / A global snapshot of the Vegetation Sensitivity Index (VSI) from 2016. The VSI measures environmental sensitivity to a changing climate, using satellite data gathered between 2000-2013 at 5km resolution. Areas in green are covered in vegetation that is the least sensitive to changes. Areas in red show the highest sensitivity. Grey areas are barren land or ice covered. Water is blue. (credit: Sedon, et. al.)

As we reported last week, the White House hosted a cross-agency meeting regarding a plan to create an advisory committee specifically to attack the conclusions of its own climate scientists. Details of that meeting, and the plan that ensued, are now starting to leak out.

To begin with, The Washington Post reports that the motivation for the effort was made clear during the meeting: Trump was upset by the release of the National Climate Assessment. The report is required by law, and its conclusions were solidly within the mainstream of the scientific community's conclusions on the climate, leaving very little room for attack. So the White House has decided to select a group of government scientists that include members who are skeptical toward its conclusions.

The group will be structured so that it can do its work off the record. The Post notes that a formal Federal Advisory Committee would include having meetings in public and creating extensive public records of its deliberations. As a result, the new plan is to create an ad-hoc working group instead, which avoids the need for any public disclosure.

Read 5 remaining paragraphs | Comments

Developers are porting Android to the Nintendo Switch

The Nintendo Switch is a versatile game console that you can plug into a TV or use as a handheld game system. Under the hood it’s got the kind of guts you’d find in a pretty good Android tablet, but it ships with Nintendo’s custom sof…

The Nintendo Switch is a versatile game console that you can plug into a TV or use as a handheld game system. Under the hood it’s got the kind of guts you’d find in a pretty good Android tablet, but it ships with Nintendo’s custom software instead. Last year hackers figured out how to jailbreak […]

The post Developers are porting Android to the Nintendo Switch appeared first on Liliputing.