The genetics of education: 1,271 genes account for 10% of the variation

But collectively, they’re less important than your parents’ education.

Enlarge (credit: US Department of Education)

What's more important, genes or environment? It's an argument that goes back to well before the concept of genes was developed. The advent of genomics has given us a new perspective on the role of genetic variants in a lot of traits, but it hasn't necessarily stopped the arguing. The reasons are nicely highlighted by a new paper that describes a massive genetic screen for factors associated with educational success.

The study screened more than a million people for genetic variants associated with time spent in school. And while the study came up with a lot of genomic regions that were associated with schooling, the average difference made by each individual gene is only 1.7 weeks; collectively, the regions only account for a bit more than 10 percent of the differences in time spent studying. Critically, they may only be relevant to the European populations that were used to identify them.

Find the genes

Time spent in school is a rough measure of educational achievement. While there may be radical differences between two people who completed college, there's likely to be some consistent differences between people who quit after high school and those who pursued graduate study. And it seems to be a relevant measure in that it correlates with the improved economic and health outcomes that are typically associated with successful careers. And it's a less biased way of getting at educational achievement than things like standardized tests.

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The Looking Glass is a glasses-free holographic display (crowdfunding)

There’s no shortage of virtual reality or augmented reality headsets on the market these days. But they tend to have one thing in common: you need to put a silly looking thing on your head to engage with 3D objects and environments. The Looking G…

There’s no shortage of virtual reality or augmented reality headsets on the market these days. But they tend to have one thing in common: you need to put a silly looking thing on your head to engage with 3D objects and environments. The Looking Glass is a new type of glasses-free 3D display that offers […]

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Snoopware installed by 11 million+ iOS, Android, Chrome, and Firefox users

All of the apps appear to have been recently acquired by a little-known company.

(credit: Ruth Suehle, opensource.com)

People often use ad blockers, disk-cleaners, and similar utilities to stop online trackers from monitoring their online activities. Now, researchers have uncovered a host of apps and browser extensions downloaded more than 11 million times that keep a list of every website ever visited and send it to servers operated by the developers.

The snooping wares affect both Android and iOS users, as well as those who installed Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox extensions, according to a blog post published Tuesday by AdGuard, a developer of ad blockers and privacy tools. AdGuard cofounder Andrey Meshkov said in the post that the extensions and apps make a list of every exact address of every page visited and combine it with a unique identifier he believes is generated when the extension or app is first installed.

“There are numerous ways of discovering your real identity from observing your browsing history,” Meshkov wrote. “It can be straightforward, for instance, there is no ambiguity in who can visit this page: https://analytics.twitter.com/user/ay_meshkov/tweets. Even if you do not happen to visit such pages, there is still a high chance of exposing your real identity.”

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Quartalsbericht: Facebooks Umsatz liegt unter den Erwartungen

Facebook zeigt doch Wirkung durch den Datenskandal. Der Umsatz steigt zwar stark, liegt aber unter den Analystenprognosen. Doch das Nutzerwachstum ist weiter stark, war aber auch unter den Erwartungen. (Facebook, Soziales Netz)

Facebook zeigt doch Wirkung durch den Datenskandal. Der Umsatz steigt zwar stark, liegt aber unter den Analystenprognosen. Doch das Nutzerwachstum ist weiter stark, war aber auch unter den Erwartungen. (Facebook, Soziales Netz)

Google launches “Shielded VMs” to protect cloud servers from rootkits, data theft

New features lock down VMs, verifying security at boot—and preventing hostile snapshot “migration.”

Enlarge (credit: Donald Iain Smith / Getty Images)

This week, Google is rolling out a number of new cloud security technologies aimed at making the public cloud a safer place. Among them is Shielded VMs, a feature of Google Cloud Platform that protects virtual machines from the installation of rootkits and other persistent malware, as well as other attacks that could result in data theft.

Using a cryptographically protected baseline measurement of the VM's image, the Shielded VMs feature—launched in beta today—provides a way of "tamper-proofing" virtual machines and alerting their owners to changes in their runtime state. Shielded VMs also make it possible to prevent a virtual machine from being booted in a different context than it was originally deployed in—in other words, preventing theft of VMs through "snap-shotting" or other duplication.

Virtually secure

Major cloud providers have been trying to blunt threats to virtual machines and cloud application containers in a number of ways—with hardened operating system images for virtual machines and with "confidential computing" models that prevent compromises of the underlying machine's operating system from providing access, for instance.

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Google to sell Titan Security key hardware for 2-factor authentication on computers and mobile devices

This week Krebs on Security reported that none of Google’s more than 85 thousand employees had fallen prey to phishing attacks since early 2017. That’s when the company issued physical security keys for 2-factor authentication (2FA) to all …

This week Krebs on Security reported that none of Google’s more than 85 thousand employees had fallen prey to phishing attacks since early 2017. That’s when the company issued physical security keys for 2-factor authentication (2FA) to all of its employees. Now Google plans to begin selling its own security keys to businesses and individuals. […]

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Possible lake spotted under a polar ice cap—on Mars

Radar indicates that Mars may have analogs of Earth’s subglacial lakes.

Enlarge / The highly reflective signals projected on top of a graphic showing Mars Express scanning the planet. (credit: ESA/Davide Coero Borga)

Today, a team of Italian scientists announced evidence that Mars has lakes of liquid water under its polar ice caps. While the evidence is a bit indirect and requires a number of assumptions, the alternatives that the researchers have considered fit the data worse. The announcement is likely to get scientists thinking about how to use existing instruments orbiting Mars to give this region a more careful examination.

Under the poles

Most parts of Mars spend much of the time at temperatures too low to support liquid water at the surface. Adding salt—and we've found lots of evidence of salt on Mars—can lower the freezing point of water by turning it into a brine. But that's not enough to overcome the extremely low pressures of the Martian atmosphere, which would cause any ice to sublimate off into vapor instead of melting.

So the only realistic hope for significant amounts of liquid water is under the surface, at sufficient depth to create enough pressure to allow salt to overcome the low temperatures. Calculations have suggested that these conditions may be met at the Martian poles, where large ice caps composed of both water and frozen carbon dioxide exist. There are obvious parallels to Antarctica, where lakes have been discovered beneath glaciers in several areas of the otherwise frozen continent.

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Android P is almost here, final beta is available today

Google has released the fourth and final beta of Android P… or the fifth developer preview, depending on how you want to look at it. Android P brings a bunch of new features including native support for phones with notches in the display and/or m…

Google has released the fourth and final beta of Android P… or the fifth developer preview, depending on how you want to look at it. Android P brings a bunch of new features including native support for phones with notches in the display and/or multiple cameras, gesture-based navigation (and a new mulltitasking window), and a […]

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Mozilla: Copyright Laws Stifle Creativity and Innovation

Mozilla sees intellectual property legislation as a threat to the open Internet because it stifles creativity and innovation. The foundation, best known for its development of the Firefox browser, is now asking the NTIA to shield the Internet from bad policies while reforming outdated laws.

Source: TF, for the latest info on copyright, file-sharing, torrent sites and more. We also have VPN reviews, discounts, offers and coupons.

Last month, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) asked the public for input for its International Internet Policy Priorities.

The NTIA has an important role in President Trump’s administration, acting as a principal adviser on telecommunications policies.

In recent weeks various stakeholders submitted their input. Yesterday, for example, we highlighted the MPAA’s submission which argued that action is required as the current “lawless” Internet chills free speech.

However, not everyone agrees with this stance. Mozilla, the creators of the Firefox browser, sees regulation and copyright legislation in particular, as one of the largest threats to an open Internet.

In its submission, Mozilla’s Senior Policy Manager Heather West asks the NTIA to help preserve the Internet’s openness.

“One of the key elements that makes the internet an incredible global resource is its openness. ‘Open’ means that anyone can publish or invent online without asking for permission, and that the technologies used to run the Web are transparent and understandable.”

More restrictions are a threat to the open Internet, Mozilla argues. It specifically highlights intellectual property laws, which include copyright, as one of the dangers.

These laws restrict people from using the full potential of the Internet. Instead of more restrictions, Mozilla promotes the idea of a more flexible approach, such as Creative Commons licenses.

“Intellectual property laws stifle creativity and innovation if they are too restrictive about sharing and remixing – particularly for educational and non-profit use, which would be permitted under ‘fair use’.”

“We need to reform laws that are outdated, and support the growth of licensing alternatives like the Creative Commons,” Mozilla adds.

Mozilla agrees with the MPAA that copyright legislation in the US and abroad hasn’t kept up with the pace with the Internet. However, both groups clearly have different ideas on how to move forward.

Where MPAA and other pro-copyright groups want stricter copyright regulation, Mozilla wants fewer restrictions, and both ask the Government for support.

“Internationally, the NTIA and Department of Commerce should support efforts to keep the internet open. Open innovation on the internet is threatened by bad policies, the devaluation of common standards, and the fragmentation of the global internet.”

As an example of present threats, Mozilla mentions the EU’s copyright modernization proposals, which would increase liability for online services and introduce a so-called ‘link tax’.

“It is clear that leadership is necessary; the EU is currently in the final stages of negotiation on a copyright proposal that would threaten the future of the internet,” Mozilla warns.

Mozilla notes that the challenges ‘we’ face are complicated, but that they can be tackled if all stakeholders collaborate to find the right solutions. However, if the NTIA submissions show anything, it’s that this will be nearly impossible.

On one side there are groups such as Mozilla, EFF, Public Knowledge, Center for Democracy & Technology, the Internet Association, Cloudflare, and Google, warning against the adverse effects of restrictive regulation.

On the other, there are copyright holder groups such as the MPAA, RIAA, The Software Alliance, the Copyright Alliance, and others, urging for better protection for creators.

Both argue that they want to protect freedom of expression and the free flow of information, but they differ greatly in how this goal should be achieved.

An overview of all NTIA responses is available here.

Source: TF, for the latest info on copyright, file-sharing, torrent sites and more. We also have VPN reviews, discounts, offers and coupons.

Forward-box: Xbox Adaptive Controller’s packaging is a good Microsoft move

Hands-on: A controller for reduced-mobility gamers needs a box to match.

SEATTLE—Earlier this year, Microsoft unveiled the new Xbox Adaptive Controller, and our hands-on time made us believe it may truly bridge the accessibility gap for gamers when it launches this September. During the reveal event, however, Xbox head Phil Spencer repeatedly referred to something that wasn't available for us to test out: the XAC's box.

"I really can't wait for you guys to check the box out," Spencer said in throwaway fashion while otherwise answering questions about the $99 device. Though we're not normally interested in such "unboxing" prospects, we saw between the lines: maybe this box would also be making accessible strides.

Last week, we got to go hands-on with the upcoming XAC's box, handles, and stickers—and see how these may pave the way for future Microsoft products.

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