A history of the Amiga, part 10: The downfall of Commodore

The Amiga was a machine ahead of its time, but Commodore was in trouble.

Enlarge (credit: Jeremy Reimer)

More than 30-plus years after it debuted, the Amiga continues to fascinate all sorts of computer lovers. For years our Jeremy Reimer has been thoroughly documenting its unique journey in his reoccurring series, and this is his latest entry. If new to the saga, start with part one (on the machine's genesis) and make sure to read the latest entry (part nine on the Video Toaster) before digging in.

As the 1990s began, Commodore should have been flying high. The long-awaited new Amiga models with better graphics, the A1200 and A4000, were finally released in 1992. Sales responded by increasing 17 percent over the previous year. The Video Toaster had established a niche in desktop video editing that no other computer platform could match, and the new Toaster 4000 promised to be even better than before. After a rocky start, the Amiga seemed to be hitting its stride.

Unfortunately, this success wouldn’t last. In 1993, sales fell by 20 percent, and Commodore lost $366 million. In the first quarter of 1994, the company announced a loss of $8.2 million—much better than the previous four quarters, but still not enough to turn a profit. Commodore had run into financial difficulties before, particularly in the mid-'80s, but this time the wounds were too deep. Sales of the venerable Commodore 64 had finally collapsed, and the Amiga wasn’t able to fill the gap quickly enough. The company issued a statement warning investors of its problems, and the stock plunged. On April 29, 1994, Commodore International Limited announced that it was starting the initial phase of voluntary liquidation of all of its assets and filing for bankruptcy protection. Commodore, once the savior of the Amiga, had failed to save itself.

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Piracy is Theft! Classic Anti-Piracy Ads From the ’90s

Piracy is by no means a new phenomenon. The entertainment industries have been concerned by unauthorized copying for several decades, and still are. Anti-piracy campaigns are not new either, and today we take a look at some classic examples from the early ’90s.

Source: TF, for the latest info on copyright, file-sharing, torrent sites and ANONYMOUS VPN services.

piracytheftEvery now and then it can be quite amusing to look back at some of the anti-piracy campaigns deployed by rightholders in the past. Especially, when contrasted with newer initiatives.

Last week we reported on a new UK campaign where suspected pirates will get an “educational alert” in the mail if they are ‘caught’ sharing infringing content using BitTorrent.

The initiative breaks with the more aggressive traditions of scaring pirates with high fines, and rewarding snitches who tell on them, although there are still some remnants of this around.

How different was this in the early ’90s when the (now defunct) European Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA) ran a controversial series of ads, warning pirates of potential jail time.

piracywarn

In an attempt to connect with a predominantly young audience, ELSPA also promoted a series of cartoon PSAs in UK computer magazines.

These ads informed readers that “piracy is theft” and encouraged them to report suspicious behavior to the Federation Against Software Theft (FAST). In return, the informants could look forward to a £1,000 reward.

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The cartoons showed teens how they could report suspicious software sellers at a local market, or even teachers who dare to allow students to make copies.

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Or what about friends, who ‘gang up’ on people so they can score a sizable reward? It was all possible, if the cartoons were to believed.

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If ELSPA’s goal was to be noticed, the ads were definitely successful. Soon after the first ones were placed, angry parents started writing letters to computer magazines, including this one Commodore Format received in the early ’90s.

“I would like to strongly object to the advert which appeared in your magazine,” a concerned parent wrote.

“It encourages young, vulnerable children to think that a phone call will lead to £1,000 very easily. It has caused a lot of ill feeling where I live between boys who were friends and then fell out, and thought this was a way to get back at one boy causing unnecessary upset to the families.”

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ELSPA responded in the magazine and argued that these types of ads were needed to counter the growing threat of piracy. While the organization suggested that the cartoons were instrumental in lowering piracy rates, we now know that it certainly didn’t stop the copying.

Not even SIIA’s Don’t Copy that Floppy!, one of the all-time anti-piracy classics that turns 25 this year, could manage that.

In the years that followed many similar campaigns were launched, some more aggressive than others. And while the “piracy is theft” mantra is still in circulation, the general sense is that a ‘scare approach’ is not all that productive.

Perhaps this is one of the reasons why the latest UK anti-piracy effort relies more on carrots than sticks. Whether that will be successful has yet to be seen, but it’s certainly less “amusing.”

You know who…

youknowwho

The advertising images published here were sourced from WoS, where you can find some more examples. The Commodore Format scan is courtesy of the CF Archive.

Source: TF, for the latest info on copyright, file-sharing, torrent sites and ANONYMOUS VPN services.

Digitale Assistenten: LG hat für das G6 mit Google und Amazon verhandelt

LGs G6 wird wohl mit einem digitalen Assistenten erscheinen. Welcher es sein wird, ist noch unklar. Im Vorfeld soll LG sowohl mit Google als auch mit Amazon verhandelt haben. Für LG gab es einen klaren Favoriten. (LG, Smartphone)

LGs G6 wird wohl mit einem digitalen Assistenten erscheinen. Welcher es sein wird, ist noch unklar. Im Vorfeld soll LG sowohl mit Google als auch mit Amazon verhandelt haben. Für LG gab es einen klaren Favoriten. (LG, Smartphone)

Instant Tethering: Googles automatischer WLAN-Hotspot

Google will WLAN-Tethering mit einem Android-Smartphone komfortabler machen. Ein Smartphone kann automatisch einen WLAN-Hotspot für andere Geräte bereitstellen. Dabei soll keine lästige Kennworteingabe erforderlich sein. (Smartphone, Google)

Google will WLAN-Tethering mit einem Android-Smartphone komfortabler machen. Ein Smartphone kann automatisch einen WLAN-Hotspot für andere Geräte bereitstellen. Dabei soll keine lästige Kennworteingabe erforderlich sein. (Smartphone, Google)

5G-Mobilfunk: Netzbetreiber erhalten Hilfe bei Suche nach Funkmastplätzen

Das Bundesland Baden-Württemberg will den Aufbau neuer Mobilfunkmasten unterstützen. Mobilfunkunternehmen sollen Unterstützung bei der Suche nach Standorten für die Antennen erhalten. Damit sollen zügig Funklöcher geschlossen werden. (5G, Mobilfunk)

Das Bundesland Baden-Württemberg will den Aufbau neuer Mobilfunkmasten unterstützen. Mobilfunkunternehmen sollen Unterstützung bei der Suche nach Standorten für die Antennen erhalten. Damit sollen zügig Funklöcher geschlossen werden. (5G, Mobilfunk)

Powerful Copyright Alliance Mulls its Own Anti-Piracy Service

The powerful pro-copyright organization Copyright Alliance appears to be mulling its own anti-piracy service. In a survey published this week, the organization, which counts the MPAA, RIAA and dozens of other large groups as members, asked if copyright holders would use such a service if one was available.

Source: TF, for the latest info on copyright, file-sharing, torrent sites and ANONYMOUS VPN services.

copyrightallianceThis week marked the five year anniversary of the SOPA/PIPA blackouts, an important occasion for free Internet advocates everywhere.

The event was less well-received by those on the ‘losing’ side, with copyright advocate David Newhoff describing the anti-SOPA campaign as “one of the most effective fake news stories of all time.”

Newhoff is one of the many thousands of members that make up the powerful and growing Copyright Alliance. Formed in 2007 in direct opposition to the EFF, Public Knowledge and Consumer Electronics Association, this anti-piracy group claims to represent the interests of more than 1.8 million creators and 13,000 organizations in the United States.

They include 350 record labels (RIAA), six movie studios (MPAA), two sports leagues including the NBA, not to mention 3,000 music publishers. It is an anti-piracy juggernaut that demands attention.

Interestingly, what happened after the SOPA protests is that rather than hearing fierce anti-piracy rhetoric directly from the likes of the MPAA and RIAA, one was more likely to hear it from Copyright Alliance members, Newhoff in particular.

In many respects, people like Newhoff have become a more common conduit for major copyright holder complaints. Meanwhile, the websites of the MPAA and RIAA have remained largely conflict-free, with the battle at least partially transferred to the Copyright Alliance.

This week the Alliance asked supporters to participate in a survey. The group provided little detail but with a title of “512 Study” it was clearly targeted at section 512 of the Digital Millenium Copyright Act which covers copyright takedown notices and service provider liability.

Reform of the DMCA is a hot topic but it appears that the Copyright Alliance expects copyright holders to be taking down content from the Internet for some time to come. Questions included:

– Have you ever monitored the internet for copyright infringement of your work?
– Have you ever found infringing copies of your work online?
– Which websites have you found infringing copies of your work on?
– How do you monitor infringement of your work online?
– How often do you monitor for infringement of your work online?
– On average, how many hours weekly do you spend monitoring for infringement of your work online?

At this point in the survey, it became clear that the Copyright Alliance was guiding respondents towards the notion that the DMCA takedown process can be somewhat laborious, which indeed it may well be. With that in mind, it was no surprise when question 14 asked the following:

alliance-dmca

If the Copyright Alliance does create its own anti-piracy service, it will join dozens, perhaps hundreds of others, operating in the same space. Currently it’s a flourishing business but ironically, if the Copyright Alliance gets its way, takedowns could become less prevalent in the future.

The U.S. Government’s Copyright Office is in the middle of a consultation which seeks guidance on the future of the DMCA’s takedown process and safe harbor for service providers.

Groups like the Copyright Alliance want a “takedown, staydown” regime, to ensure that, once deleted, content doesn’t pop up elsewhere. Opponents believe such a mechanism would be impractical and could stifle free speech.

Whatever the outcome, there will still be significant demand for a takedown service, should the Copyright Alliance choose to form one. And, with potentially close to a couple of million creators to represent, it could be very busy indeed.

Source: TF, for the latest info on copyright, file-sharing, torrent sites and ANONYMOUS VPN services.

Tinker-Board: Asus bringt Raspberry-Pi-Klon

Still und leise steigt erstmals ein bekannter Mainboard-Hersteller in den Markt für Bastelcomputer ein und will mit dem Raspberry Pi konkurrieren. Die Technik klingt interessant, zur Software fehlen aber jegliche Informationen. (Bastelrechner, Asus)

Still und leise steigt erstmals ein bekannter Mainboard-Hersteller in den Markt für Bastelcomputer ein und will mit dem Raspberry Pi konkurrieren. Die Technik klingt interessant, zur Software fehlen aber jegliche Informationen. (Bastelrechner, Asus)

Who Soiled the Toilet? is your next party game (about pooping on the floor)

Social deduction—finally—meets poop chips.

Enlarge / The game's rather colorful characters. (credit: Tom Mendelsohn)

Welcome to Ars Cardboard, our weekend look at tabletop games! Check out our complete board gaming coverage at cardboard.arstechnica.com—and let us know what you think.

The Japanese have a reputation for appreciating the toilet. The poop emoji is a creation of theirs, as is Everyone Poops—that famous kids book you almost certainly read as a young 'un—while their TV comedies have a reputation for going heavy on the ordure. Japan is also the home of those space-age lavatories with heated seats and two dozen bidet settings, and it's the birthplace of this appetizing dessert treat.

So no one should be surprised that, as we toured last October's Essen gaming fair, the largest board games show on earth, our eyes were caught by a Japanese game called Toire o Yogoshita nowa Dareda? (Or, in English, Who Soiled the Toilet?). Naturally, we had to try it.

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Fastest magnetic read/write ever is incredibly energy efficient

Tiny magnets in transparent garnet can be read and written with light.

Enlarge / Magnets, how do they work? (credit: Paul Downey (Flickr))

Magnetic media, in the form of disk and tape drives, has been the dominant way of storing bits. But the speed and low power of flash memory has been displacing it from consumer systems, and various forms of long-term memory are in development that are even faster. But a new paper suggests that magnetic media may still be competitive—you just have to stop reading and writing it with magnets.

Using a specific form of garnet and some ultrafast laser pulses, a Dutch-Polish team of researchers performed what they suspect is the fastest read/write of magnetic media ever. And, for good measure, the process was extremely energy efficient.

Heat is actually a problem for both hard drives and flash. Although it doesn't create a problem in most consumer systems, dealing with excess heat is a major issue in data centers. The problem, according to the authors of the new paper, is one of scale. While we can calculate the minimum energy needed to flip a magnetic bit, we use much more than that to ensure that every bit gets written as intended. Eight orders of magnitude more, in fact. Most of that excess energy ends up dissipating into the environment, where it ends up as heat.

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