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(credit: UVA Medicine)

People suffering from type 1 diabetes may soon be able to ditch constant finger pricks and manual insulin injections—if they have a smartphone on hand, that is.

Combined with a tiny sensor and wearable insulin pump, a smartphone can stand in for a pancreas, automatically monitoring blood-sugar levels and delivering insulin as needed, researchers report. The system, backed by a $12.6 million grant from the National Institutes of Health, will enter two final phases of international trials this year.

“We’ve been working on this specific artificial pancreas as it’s called since 2006,” lead researcher Boris Kovatchev, director of the UVA Center for Diabetes Technology, told Ars. And 10 years ago, Kovatchev said, the common wisdom in the field was that such an external system would never work. “We show that it’s not only possible, but it can run on a smartphone.”

A PET scan uses glucose with a radioactive tag to tell us which regions of the brain are most active. (credit: Oak Ridge National Lab)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to record activity in different brain regions. When different regions exhibit simultaneous activity, we generally conclude that they are functionally connected in a network. Functional connectivity maps derived this way have revealed networks that control things like sensory processing and others that control cognition.

But this approach has a significant limitation: it's unable to reveal which brain region within the network is influencing which. Things happen so fast relative to the time resolution of the imaging that it's impossible to tell which part of the brain was active first.

Information about the direction of signaling—effective connectivity, rather than just functional connectivity—has been difficult to obtain. But now researchers in Germany have developed a method that combines the undirected functional-connectivity information from fMRI scans with energy metabolism data from PET scans, which measure glucose use, to begin to identify this effective connectivity.

An artist’s conception of the “changing-look quasar” as it appeared in early 2015. The glowing blue region shows the last of the gas being swallowed by a central black hole. The spectrum is from 2003. (credit: Dana Berry / SkyWorks Digital, Inc.; SDSS collaboration)

Here's a mystery Encyclopedia Brown probably couldn't solve: the case of the missing quasar. But astronomers appear to be up for the task. They're excited about a distant quasar that appears to have dimmed dramatically during the last decade, because it validates their understanding of these phenomena.

For a long time scientists were mystified by quasars, fairly compact objects in the sky that are extremely bright, in some cases ten or even 100 times brighter than the Milky Way Galaxy. Some scientists even speculated that these quasi-stellar objects were the other "side" of a black hole out of which all the material sucked in eventually emerged. By the 1980s, however, astronomers began to understand that quasars actually surrounded the very large, supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies. All of the electromagnetic energy quasars generate, they believed, comes from material falling into the black hole.

About 13 years ago, scientists first measured the spectrum of a quasar known as SDSS J1011+5442. To estimate the amount of gas falling into its central black hole, they looked at its hydrogen-alpha emission line. When they looked at the same quasar again in 2015, they found that emission of this gas had fallen by a factor of 55. As a result of this unprecedented decline in hydrogen-alpha emissions, it has become known as the "changing-look quasar."

GM's vulnerability coordination portal on HackerOne. (credit: GM / HackerOne)

On January 5, General Motors quietly flipped the switch on Detroit's first public security vulnerability disclosure program, launched in partnership with the bug bounty and disclosure portal provider HackerOne. General Motors Chief Cybersecurity Officer Jeff Massimilla told Ars the new portal was a first step in creating relationships with outside security researchers and increasing the speed with which GM discovers and addresses security issues.

"We very highly value third-party security research," Massimilla said. He explained that under the program, those third parties can reveal vulnerabilities they find with the guarantee that GM will work with them and not take legal action—as long as they follow the fairly straightforward guidelines posted on the program's portal.

The choice of HackerOne was a key part of the program strategy, Massimilla said, because of that company's existing relationship with security researchers. "We don't have a lot of experience with this sort of program," Massimilla admitted. HackerOne is hosting the program's Web portal, which handles much of the workflow of managing disclosures. "We also have e-mail addresses and other contact points where we can communicate," he added.

(credit: Aurich Lawson / Thinkstock)

Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Twitter, and Yahoo have made an unusual collective submission of written evidence to the Draft Investigatory Powers Bill Joint Committee, in which they criticise a number of key elements of the UK government's proposed Snooper's Charter. They write: "We believe the best way for countries to promote the security and privacy interests of their citizens, while also respecting the sovereignty of other nations, is to ensure that surveillance is targeted, lawful, proportionate, necessary, jurisdictionally bounded, and transparent. These principles reflect the perspective of global companies that offer borderless technologies to billions of people around the globe."

As global companies, the group are particularly worried about the extraterritorial nature of the proposals: "Unilateral assertions of extraterritorial jurisdiction will create conflicting legal obligations for overseas providers who are subject to legal obligations elsewhere." There are two problems here. First, the five companies are already subject to US law; and second, if the UK government claims it has a right to instruct companies located outside the UK what to do, other nations—including places like China and Russia—will be able to do the same.

To resolve problems of clashing jurisdictions, the US companies suggest: "the Bill should consistently and explicitly state that no company is required to comply with any notice/warrant, which in doing so would contravene its legal obligations in other jurisdictions." In the longer term, the companies suggest "an international framework should be developed to establish a common set of rules to resolve these conflicts across jurisdictions."